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The Union symbol (hieroglyph) is Gardiner sign listed no. F36, part of the series for ''parts of mammals''. As a "union symbol", (a right and left half), it contains a vertical invisible 'centerline'. It allows for the positioning of two important hieroglyphs to be attached to it, right and left, as the ''uniting of two halves''; specifically this is referencing Upper Egypt (by the King of the South), represented by the sedge (hieroglyph), In Egyptian hieroglyphs, the hieroglyph is used for the phonetic value of ''sma'',〔Betrò, 1995. ''Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt,'' p. 128,〕 (a triliteral) with meanings of ''to join together'', ''to unite with''.〔Budge, 1991. ''A Hieroglyphic Dictionary to the Book of the Dead,'' pp. 345.〕 For its use as ''"uniting of two lands"'', it has an identical usage to the ''Two whips with shen ring hieroglyph'' ==Palermo Stone usage== The Palermo Stone (also named: ''Royal Annals of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt'', of the previous ~700 years), scribed circa 2392 BC to 2280 BC, has two uses of the ''union symbol hieroglyph'' on the ''Palermo piece''-(obverse) of the 7—piece Palermo Stone (one of the two large pieces). Both uses are for the symbol "ligatured" (tied) to the ''sedge hieroglyph'' and the ''papyrus clump hieroglyph'', forming "one large symbol". The symbols occur identically in Row II (of VI rows), and Row V; The difference between the two year-events, Row II identifies: ''Month 4, Day 13'', and that is replaced in Row V with the ''Appearance of the King of the South, King of the North'', in hieroglyphs: The symbols as seen in Row V:〔Schulz, Seidel. ''Egypt: The World of the Pharaohs,'' Photo: ''"Fragment of the annals stone"''-(the obverse, Palermo Piece), p. 24.〕 (1-vertical ''Year-register'') (The symbols are read in the "Gardiner font" ''left-to-right''; the Palermo Stone is scribed opposite: right-to-left.) ---- Though Gardiner font hieroglyphs are read only left-to-right, interestingly, only one hieroglyph, the sedge (hieroglyph) is ''non symmetric'' right, or left. Thus, the vertical hieroglyphs in Row II can be read correctly (left-to-right, and vertically down), with only the ''sedge'' turned backwards, hieroglyph M16, Translated as: ''"Month 4, Day 13''...." (Days 10 + 3) (Read right-to-left, Crescent moon (hieroglyph) on right, top.) ----
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